We discuss the diagnostic process and variation in how IBS is defined, how many of the population have IBS based upon these definitions, which members of the population are most likely to be affected, and discuss key aspects of the natural history, including symptom fluctuation and the association with other functional conditions. The intention of this review is to provide a brief overview of the fundamental issues of epidemiological interest relating to IBS. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is no different. The epidemiology of any condition is an expansive topic, covering many subjects that individually could warrant devoted review articles. The epidemiological evidence surrounding these aspects of the natural history is discussed. There is no evidence that IBS is associated with an increased mortality risk. Patients diagnosed with IBS are highly likely to have other functional disease and have more surgery than the general population. IBS aggregates within families and the genetic and sociological factors potentially underlying this are reviewed. There is 25% less IBS diagnosed in those over 50 years and there is no association with socioeconomic status. Internationally, there is a female predominance in the prevalence of IBS. These people do not have significantly different abdominal symptoms to those who do not consult, but they do have greater levels of anxiety and lower quality of life. Around 30% of people who experience the symptoms of IBS will consult physicians for their IBS symptoms. Depending on the diagnostic criteria employed, IBS affects around 11% of the population globally. This paper discusses the nature of the diagnostic process for IBS and how this impacts epidemiological measurements. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional condition of the bowel that is diagnosed using clinical criteria.
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